Natural law refers to a theory in ethics, philosophy, and jurisprudence that posits the existence of a set of universal moral principles inherent in nature, which govern human behavior and can be discerned through reason. According to proponents of natural law, these principles are not contingent upon human-made laws or societal conventions but are instead grounded in the fundamental nature of reality or the human condition.

The concept of natural law has roots in ancient philosophical traditions, with notable contributions from thinkers such as Aristotle and Cicero. However, it became particularly influential during the medieval period through the works of figures like Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas, for example, argued that natural law reflects the rational ordering of human nature toward the fulfillment of certain goods, such as life, knowledge, and social relationships.

Natural law is often associated with the idea of objective moral norms that are binding on individuals regardless of their cultural, religious, or legal context. These norms are believed to provide a basis for evaluating the justice or morality of human actions and for guiding ethical decision-making. While interpretations of natural law can vary, common principles often include the preservation of life, the pursuit of truth, the promotion of justice, and the protection of basic human rights.

In legal theory, natural law has influenced discussions about the relationship between law and morality, the limits of state authority, and the idea of legal rights grounded in natural justice. However, the application of natural law principles in legal systems has been subject to debate and has evolved over time, often in conjunction with other legal philosophies, such as legal positivism. (Source: CGPT)